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Compare Cayman Islands (2001) - Romania (2001)

Compare Cayman Islands (2001) z Romania (2001)

 Cayman Islands (2001)Romania (2001)
 Cayman IslandsRomania
Administrative divisions 8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western 40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Age structure 0-14 years:
22.21% (male 3,807; female 4,084)

15-64 years:
69.74% (male 12,102; female 12,676)

65 years and over:
8.05% (male 1,318; female 1,540) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
17.95% (male 2,054,323; female 1,959,196)

15-64 years:
68.51% (male 7,605,751; female 7,715,434)

65 years and over:
13.54% (male 1,255,880; female 1,773,438) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables, fruit; livestock, turtle farming wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
Airports 3 (2000 est.) 62 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
25

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
12 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
37

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
23 (2000 est.)
Area total:
259 sq km

land:
259 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
237,500 sq km

land:
230,340 sq km

water:
7,160 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Oregon
Background The Cayman Islands were colonized from Jamaica by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries. Administered by Jamaica from 1863, they remained a British dependency after 1962 when the former became independent. Soviet occupation following World War II led to the formation of a communist "peoples republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of President Nicolae CEAUSESCU became increasingly draconian through the 1980s. He was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Much economic restructuring remains to be carried out before Romania can achieve its hope of joining the EU.
Birth rate 13.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$265.2 million

expenditures:
$248.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)
revenues:
$11.7 billion

expenditures:
$12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital George Town Bucharest
Climate tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Coastline 160 km 225 km
Constitution 1959, revised 1972 and 1992 8 December 1991
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Cayman Islands
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Romania

local long form:
none

local short form:
Romania
Currency Caymanian dollar (KYD) leu (ROL)
Death rate 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.28 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $70 million (1996) $9.3 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador James C. ROSAPEPE

embassy:
Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest

mailing address:
American Embassy Bucharest, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)

telephone:
[40] (1) 210 40 42

FAX:
[40] (1) 210 03 95

branch office(s):
Cluj-Napoca
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-4748

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 40,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 1997, including almost 600 banks and trust companies; banking assets exceed $500 billion. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 1.2 million visitors in 1997. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world. Romania, one of the poorest countries in Central and Eastern Europe, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Over the past decade economic restructuring has lagged behind most other countries in the region. Consequently, living standards have continued to fall - real wages are down over 40%. Corruption too has worsened. The EU ranks Romania last among enlargement candidates, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) rates Romania's transition progress the region's worst. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. A new government elected in November 2000 promises to promote economic reform. Bucharest hopes to receive financial and technical assistance from international financial institutions and Western governments; negotiations over a new IMF standby agreement are to begin early in 2001. If reform stalls, Romania's ability to borrow from both public and private sources could quickly dry up, leading to another financial crisis.
Electricity - consumption 306.9 million kWh (1999) 44.768 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 1.935 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 330 million kWh (1999) 49.036 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
53.99%

hydro:
36.18%

nuclear:
9.81%

other:
0.02% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
The Bluff 43 m
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m

highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Environment - current issues no natural fresh water resources; drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchment soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20% Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 7.1%, Roma 1.8%, German 0.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, other 0.8% (1992)
Exchange rates Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993) lei per US dollar - 26,243.0 (January 2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999), 8,875.6 (1998), 7,167.9 (1997), 3,084.2 (1996); note - lei is the plural form of leu
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Governor and President of the Executive Council Peter SMITH (since 5 May 1999)

head of government:
Kurt TIBBETTS (since November 2000)

cabinet:
Executive Council (three members appointed by the governor, four members elected by the Legislative Assembly)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor is appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 December 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Adrian NASTASE (since 29 December 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 26 November 2000, with runoff between the top two candidates held 10 December 2000 (next to be held NA November/December 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
percent of vote - Ion ILIESCU 66.84%, Corneliu Vadim TUDOR 33.16%
Exports $1.5 million (1998) $11.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities turtle products, manufactured consumer goods textiles and footwear 26%, metals and metal products 15%, machinery and equipment 11%, minerals and fuels 6% (1999)
Exports - partners mostly US Italy 23%, Germany 18%, France 6%, Turkey 5%, US (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
GDP purchasing power parity - $930 million (1997 est.) purchasing power parity - $132.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1.4%

industry:
3.2%

services:
95.4% (1994 est.)
agriculture:
13.9%

industry:
32.6%

services:
53.5% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $24,500 (1997 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.9% (1999 est.) 2.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 30 N, 80 30 W 46 00 N, 25 00 E
Geography - note important location between Cuba and Central America controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
406 km

paved:
304 km

unpaved:
102 km
total:
153,359 km

paved:
103,671 km (including 133 km of expressways)

unpaved:
49,688 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
3.8%

highest 10%:
20.2% (1992)
Illicit drugs vulnerable to drug money laundering and drug transshipment to the US and Europe important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Imports $507.6 million (1998) $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, manufactured goods machinery and equipment 23%, fuels and minerals 12%, chemicals 9%, textile and products 19% (1999)
Imports - partners US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan Italy 20%, Germany 19%, France 7%, Russia 6% (1999)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8% (2000)
Industries tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining
Infant mortality rate 10.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 19.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (1998) 45.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate) ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MONUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 38 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 31,020 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)
Labor force 19,820 (1995) 9.9 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995) agriculture 40%, industry 25%, services 35% (1998)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
2,508 km

border countries:
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Yugoslavia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
23%

other:
69% (1993 est.)
arable land:
41%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
21%

forests and woodland:
29%

other:
6% (1993 est.)
Languages English Romanian, Hungarian, German
Legal system British common law and local statutes former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three appointed members and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (140 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (345 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - PDSR 37.1%, PRM 21.0%, PD 7.6%, PNL 7.5%, UDMR 6.9%; seats by party - PDSR 65, PRM 37, PD 13, PNL 13, UDMR 12; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PDSR 36.6%, PRM 19.5%, PD 7.0%, PNL, 6.9%, UDMR 6.8%; seats by party - PDSR 155, PRM 84, PD 31, PNL 30, UDMR 27, ethnic minorities 18
Life expectancy at birth total population:
79.03 years

male:
76.24 years

female:
81.43 years (2001 est.)
total population:
70.16 years

male:
66.36 years

female:
74.19 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
98% (1970 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
95% (1992 est.)
Location Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Europe
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
106 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,656,452 GRT/2,643,036 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 21, cargo 5, chemical tanker 27, container 4, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 2, Denmark 2, Finland 1, Greece 11, Norway 3, UK 3, US 3 (2000 est.)
total:
95 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 695,227 GRT/931,598 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 71, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, railcar carrier 2, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF) Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $720 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.2% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
5,899,536 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
4,962,807 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
179,951 (2001 est.)
National holiday Constitution Day, first Monday in July Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
Nationality noun:
Caymanian(s)

adjective:
Caymanian
noun:
Romanian(s)

adjective:
Romanian
Natural hazards hurricanes (July to November) earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Natural resources fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate 12.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US
-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders there are no formal political parties but the following loose groupings act as political organizations; National Team; Democratic Alliance; Team Cayman Democratic Party or PD [Petre ROMAN]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS]; Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR [Adrian NASTASE]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; The Democratic Convention or CDR [Ion DIACONESCU]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various human rights and professional associations
Population 35,527 (July 2001 est.) 22,364,022 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 44.5% (2000)
Population growth rate 2.12% (2001 est.) -0.21% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Cayman Brac, George Town Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 40, FM 202, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios 36,000 (1997) 7.2 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
11,385 km (3,888 km electrified)

standard gauge:
10,898 km

narrow gauge:
487 km (1996)
Religions United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 3%, Uniate Catholic 3%, Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%
Sex ratio at birth:
0.86 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.86 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
1 submarine coaxial cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
poor domestic service, but improving

domestic:
90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 19,000 (1995) 3.777 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,534 (1995) 645,500 (1999)
Television broadcast stations NA 48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Total fertility rate 2.04 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.1% (1997) 11.5% (1999)
Waterways none 1,724 km (1984)
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